More research is needed in this area. Finally, the prospect of expanding uses of EM carry workload and resource implications for community justice workforces. Introducing GPS EM and using it with specific groups of offenders necessitates commensurate capacity to actively monitor large volumes of data, and alert police and other criminal justice professionals to respond swiftly to violations in high risk cases.
Internationally well-regarded uses of EM in the Netherlands and Nordic countries are well resourced, public service-led approaches which involve probation officers devoting significant amounts of time to supervision and support of each monitored person.
Scotland has the opportunity to advance its use of EM to build on existing simple and relatively stable uses, which can be more creative and innovative Scottish Government, a; Graham and McIvor, Social workers have a key role to play in ensuring that they are aware of the capacity of EM technologies and can harness them to increase the effectiveness of community supervision and achieve other relevant penal aims.
Comments represent the views of reviewers and do not necessarily represent those of their organisations. Iriss would like to thank the reviewers for taking the time to reflect and comment on this publication. Don't miss out on our latest news, resources and events. Join our mailing list. Skip to main navigation. Improving lives through knowledge, evidence and innovation. Breadcrumb Home Resources Insights Electronic monitoring in the criminal justice syst Electronic monitoring in the criminal justice system.
Insight Published on 10 Oct Electronic monitoring technologies There are three main types of EM tagging technology, each of which has differing capabilities, strengths and limitations. In the Scottish criminal justice system, EM may be used with adults aged 16 years and older as a means of monitoring compliance with different types of orders and licences: A Restriction of Liberty Order RLO , which is a community sentence authorised by the court A Home Detention Curfew HDC licence, which is a form of early release from prison, authorised by the Scottish Prison Service As a condition of a Drug Treatment and Testing Order, authorised by the court As a condition of a parole licence, authorised by the Parole Board for Scotland As a restricted movement requirement imposed following breach of a Community Payback Order CPO , authorised by the court Assessments of risk and the suitability of a property for EM are usually conducted in advance by criminal justice social workers to inform decision-making.
Why use electronic monitoring in criminal justice? Reducing imprisonment Internationally, a routinely highlighted aim of using EM is to reduce imprisonment. Monitoring compliance Another key aim of using EM is to monitor compliance or non-compliance with an order or licence. Reducing reoffending and enabling desistance from crime Complying with and completing an EM order does not necessarily produce, nor signify desistance from crime.
Implications for practice Electronic monitoring technologies have limitations and there are practical and legal boundaries affecting their use Graham and McIvor, Discussion paper no. European Journal of Probation , 9, 1, De Vos H and Gilbert E Freedom, so close but yet so far: the impact of the ongoing confrontation with freedom on the perceived severity of punishment.
European Journal of Probation , 9, 2, Esdorf A and Sandlie J Executing prison sentences at home with electronic monitoring — advantages and disadvantages of the Scandinavian model, presentation at Confederation of European Probation CEP 9th Electronic Monitoring Conference: Frankfurt, Germany G4S Electronic monitoring to the criminal and youth justice systems in Scotland: statistical bulletin 1st January — 31st December The effects of electronic monitoring on recidivism in France.
Journal of Law and Economics , 59, 3, Hucklesby A Vehicles of desistance: the impact of electronically monitored curfew orders. London: Routledge, Nellis M Standards and ethics in electronic monitoring: handbook for professionals responsible for the establishment and the use of electronic monitoring. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. London: Routledge, Padgett K, Bales W and Blomberg T Under surveillance: an empirical test of the effectiveness and consequences of electronic monitoring. Criminology and Public Policy , 5, 1, Renzema M Evaluative research on electronic monitoring.
London: Routledge, Scharff Smith P and Ugelvik T eds Scandinavian penal history, culture and prison practice: embraced by the welfare state? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Scottish Government Development of electronic monitoring in Scotland: a consultation on the future direction of the electronic monitoring service. Since apps have a more flexible user interface than an ankle device alone, they can provide new ways for probation and parole officers to check in with users, connect them to resources, and offer positive reinforcement for making court dates and other terms of release.
But these apps are not immune from the connectivity issues and false alarms that plague ankle-monitoring devices. Similarly, they must anticipate users who attempt to circumvent or break the technology. The stakes for electronic monitoring are too high for devices to work inconsistently. With use of ankle monitoring devices on the rise, and monitoring apps on the horizon, it is all the more important that technologists and policy experts work together to ensure that all devices meet the same high standards.
Darrell M. West and Nicol Turner Lee. TechTank How digital technology can reduce prison incarceration rates Darrell M. TechStream When do consumers prefer algorithmic versus human decisionmakers? Derek E. Bambauer and Michael Risch. Dawson , Kevin C. Desouza , and James S. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Electronic monitoring caseload Electronic monitoring was introduced in to support the police, courts, prisons and wider justice system in England and Wales.
Electronic monitoring caseload. Total caseload. Electronic monitoring caseload Year Electronic monitoring caseload 31 Mar 13, 31 Mar 10, 31 Mar 10, 31 Mar 11, 31 Mar 11, 31 Mar 12, 31 Mar 14, As a condition of court bail.
0コメント