Racial segregation existed in South Africa long before the 20 th century. But in , the National Party of South Africa, comprised mostly of descendants of those colonialists, developed an official policy of racial segregation. The Group Areas Act of also mandated residential and business zones in cities for each racial group, and other races could not live in or own land in those areas. Read how public transit in Johannesburg is still reckoning with apartheid-era segregation. Though that policy is over, the impact remains.
For example, 24 year old Darshana Govindram lives in Chatsworth, a suburb of the port city of Durban. It was created to segregate people of Indian descent, and is still majority Indian. And she recalls her late grandmother saying that life was better in South Africa under apartheid because there was less crime and corruption—an idea she rejects. Still, many young non-white South Africans describe a Catch situation that makes it hard for them to feel fully free.
Sibonisile Tshabalala, who received her engineering degree on April 9 th , her 25 th birthday, says she gets a stipend from her contract job with a Johannesburg company. In some ways, Tshabalala says, post-apartheid is still a struggle. My parents, my grandparents, my great grandparents, they suffered.
And the consequences are still coming to me as a young black South African. It leaves many youths stuck in second gear, supporting unemployed parents and grandparents, paying school fees for siblings, with no time to think about larger goals.
Njiokiktjien says that the broad range of subjects and life experiences she witnessed while compiling the images took her on a rollercoaster of emotions. So many young people shared their hopes and dreams, but sometimes there was despair about unemployment and crime and xenophobia and violence against the LGBTQ community.
One of the reasons for that epiphany occurred after she met Wilmarie Deetlefs, a 24 year old white Afrikaner, and her boyfriend Zakithi Buthelezi, 27, in Johannesburg. Related: Track the rise of interracial marriage 50 years after the landmark U. In , just after apartheid was introduced, the ANC started on a more militant path, with the Youth League playing a more important role. The ANC introduced their Programme of Action in , supporting strike action, protests and other forms of non-violent resistance.
This campaign called on people to purposefully break apartheid laws and offer themselves for arrest. It was hoped that the increase in prisoners would cause the system to collapse and get international support for the ANC.
Black people got onto 'white buses', used 'white toilets', entered into 'white areas' and refused to use passes. Despite 8 people ending up in jail, the ANC caused no threat to the apartheid regime.
The ANC continued along the same path during the rest of the s, until in some members broke away and formed the PAC. These members wanted to follow a more violent and militant route, and felt that success could not be reached through the ANC's method. Background and policy of apartheid Before we can look at the history of the apartheid period it is necessary to understand what apartheid was and how it affected people.
What was apartheid? Original architects of Apartheid Image source Apartheid Laws Numerous laws were passed in the creation of the apartheid state. Here are a few of the pillars on which it rested: Population Registration Act, This Act demanded that people be registered according to their racial group. Some other important laws were the: Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, Immorality Amendment Act, Separate Representation of Voters Act, Resistance before Resistance to apartheid came from all circles, and not only, as is often presumed, from those who suffered the negative effects of discrimination.
Further Reading. Horace Mann bond before the United Nations special committee on the policies of Apartheid of the government of the Republic of South Africa. Reddy How the apartheid regime burnt books — in their tens of thousands, 24 October Guava Juice by Ntokozo Mahlalela, 25 September A history of Apartheid in South Africa.
His story became famous around the world. In , the UN had denounced apartheid, but things came to a head in , when police opened fire with tear gas and bullets against school children in Soweto. The violence caused outrage and a UN embargo on the sale of arms to South Africa was introduced, followed, in , by economic sanctions by the UK and US. With mounting international pressure, some apartheid laws were revoked. In , the world watched as Nelson Mandela was released from prison, whereupon he continued to campaign.
In the 's, Drum magazine began investigating the day to day realities of apartheid. Can Themba, one of their top writers, took on the churches setting himself the task of visiting a number of different ones, with white congregations, to see what kind of reception he would get.
They explained that the hall was rented from some boys' club whose policy did not allow Non-whites into the hall. They also said something about the laws of the country. He bellowed in Afrikaans: 'What soek jy?
What do you want? He shoved me violently, shouting for me to get away. I walked off dejected.
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